A Propeller Perforator Flap in the Distal Lower Extremity: An Alternative to Free Flap Coverage Near the Ankle

The Versatility of Perforator-Based Propeller Flap for Reconstruction of Distal Leg and Ankle Defects

Introduction. Soft tissue coverage of distal leg and ankle region represents a challenge and such defect usually requires a free flap. However, this may lead to considerable donor site morbidity, is time consuming, and needs facility of microsurgery. With the introduction of perforator flap, management of small- and medium-size defects of distal leg and ankle region is convenient, less time con...

Medial sural artery perforator free flap: legitimate use as a solution for the ipsilateral distal lower extremity defect.

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap captures the cutaneous territory of the medial calf, and can potentially be advantageous as a thin free flap, even in the most obese individual, for coverage of most foot and/or ankle defects where bulk is a liability. The anatomy is fairly constant, as usually at least one reasonably large perforator can always be found emanating from the medial h...

Reintroducing the latissimus-rib free flap as a long bone substitute in the reconstruction of lower extremity injuries

  Abstract   The leg is a complex district with functions of weightbearing support, stability,   and motility. The management of extensive and complex defects is more challenging   and often results in leg amputation or shortening. Leg amputation is a severe   mutilation that alters the patient’s work and social life by limiting ambulation and   self-sufficiency. During a 3 years period we trea...

Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap and Its Application in Lower Extremity Reconstruction

A systematic review of the keystone design perforator island flap in lower extremity defects

BACKGROUND The keystone design perforator island flap is useful for the reconstruction of lower extremity defects. We performed a systematic review with the objective of identifying complication rates associated with using the keystone design perforator island flap to treat such defects. METHODS The MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2003 to Aug...